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The US Army Air Corps (USAAC) had placed an order for 77 Seversky Model  SEV-7s or AP-1s on 30 June 1936. These aircraft had equipped the following squadrons of the 1st Pursuit Group at Selfridge Field, Mt. Clemens,  Michigan :

 

 17th Pursuit Squadron from 1938 to 1940.

 27th Pursuit Squadron from 1938 to 1941.

 71st Pursuit Squadron in 1941.

 94th Pursuit Squadron from 1938 to 1941.

 

 Starting in 1941, the 1st Pursuit Group re-equipped with the Lockheed P-38  Lightning.

 

 In June 1939, the company, now known as Republic Aviation, sold 120  EP-1-06s, export versions of the P-35 with a more powerful engine, to the  Royal Swedish Air Force. Delivery of the aircraft began in 1939 but as John  Nicholas states above, FDR signed an order on 24 October 1940  requisitioning all undelivered aircraft, a total of 60, and gave them to  the USAAC where they were designated P-35A.

 By late 1941, 48 of the P-35As had been shipped to the Philippine Islands  and starting in November 1941, the newly arrived 34th Pursuit Squadron  (Interceptor) at Del Carmen Field, Luzon was equipped with the P-35As.  These aircraft were almost obsolete and lacked armor protection for the  pilot and self-sealing fuel tanks. Del Carmen was located about 15 miles  (24 km) southwest of Clark Field, the main bomber base on Luzon. On the  morning of Monday, 8 December 1941 (in the Philippines), the 34th was  ordered to provide air cover for Clark Field. At 1130 hours, the aircraft  were still on the ground awaiting orders. Another problem for the 34th was  that a thick haze of dust was covering the field and this had delayed any  possible takeoffs even after the order to takeoff had been received.

After  reports of the Japanese attacks, some of the P-35As got off the ground to  engage the enemy. The P-35s were consistently outmaneuvered and several of  them were seriously damaged, but the pilots claimed three enemy aircraft  shot down.

  On Wednesday, 10 December, the Americans learned of a Japanese fleet was  approaching Aparri on northern Luzon and five B-17s and P-40Es of the 17th  Pursuit Squadron (Interceptor) and the P-35As of the 34th Squadron were  dispatched to attack the fleet. The P-35As were slower than the P-40Es and  arrived later and began strafing runs against the Japanese ships. Two of  the P-35As were lost.

 

 By Christmas 1941, only eight of the P-35As were left and the 34th moved to  Bataan. By March 1942, only two of the P-35As were left and both of them  were destroyed before the surrender of American forces on Bataan in April  1942.

 

 The US Air Force Museum at Wright-Patterson AFB, Dayton, Ohio has the only  known P-35A in existence. This aircraft served with the 94th Pursuit  Squadron in 1941 and has been restored in the markings of the squadron  commander during that period. The squadron insignia on the fuselage aft of  the cockpit is confusing to people familiar with this unit. During World  War I, the 94th's squadron insignia was the famous "Uncle Sam's hat in the  ring." The insignia had been approved for use on 15 November 1919 but was  cancelled on 6 May 1924 because the histories of the 94th and another World  War I unit, the 103d Aero Squadron, had been consolidated on 8 April 1924.

 So the 94th adopted the 103d's insignia, an American Indian face with full  war bonnet and this was used throughout the 1920s and 1930s until the  application of squadron insignia on squadron aircraft was abolished in  early 1941. The "hat in the ring" insignia was reinstated on 9 July 1942  and is proudly used today by the 94th Fighter Squadron, 1st Fighter Wing at  Langley AFB, Hampton, Virginia.

 You can see photographs of the restored P-35A at:

 http://www.wpafb.af.mil/museum/early_years/ey14.htm

 

 Jack McKillop

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