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1937   (SUNDAY) 

NEW ZEALAND: Pan American Airways Sikorsky S-42B flying boat "Samoan Clipper," msn 4207, registered NC16734, arrives in Auckland after flying from San Francisco, California, USA, via Honolulu, Territory of Hawaii, Kingman Reef and Samoa, a distance of about 5,996 nautical miles (11 104 kilometers). [Kingman Reef is located about 799 nautical miles (1 480 kilometers) south of Honolulu.] The return flight is scheduled for tomorrow but due to weather, it is postponed until 2 January 1938.

December 26th, 1939(TUESDAY)

RAF Coastal Command: A squadron of completely trained Royal Australian Air Force personnel disembarked at Pembroke, Wales, for service with the Coastal Command. Number 10 Squadron are equipped with Sunderland flying boats. They are the first Dominion air force unit to be committed to active service in the European war. Australia's air minister J V Fairbairn, told them: "Australia is confident that you will play your part in whatever spheres you may be called upon to serve."

The squadron was formed on 1 July, 1939 in Australia. A detachment of the squadron was sent to England to pick up six Sunderland Mk. 1 flying boats and fly them back to Australia. With the outbreak of war, the Australian War Cabinet offered the squadron for active service in the U.K.

All vessels of the Royal Australian Navy have been placed under British orders since the start of the war, and in September the Australian government decided that a 20,000 strong force, later designated the 6th Division, 2nd Australian Imperial Force, was to be created for service either at home or abroad. Earlier this month an advance party was sent to Palestine under the command of Lieutenant-General Thomas Blamey.

RAF Bomber Command: Daylight anti-shipping sweep over North Sea. 77 Sqn. Two aircraft. No enemy shipping sighted. 102 Sqn. Two aircraft. No enemy shipping sighted.

The Royal Navy starts laying a mine barrier from the Moray Firth to the Thames Estuary.

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December 26th, 1940(THURSDAY)

COMMONWEALTH OF THE PHILIPPINES: Gerow recommends that Philippine garrison be increased, that the Philippine Scouts be doubled in size to 12,000 men, that 600 soldiers be added to the 31^st Infantry Regiment, the only US combat unit in the islands, that additional artillery, both field and anti-aircraft, be sent, and that $1.25 million be committed to construction. (Marc Small)  

CANADA: Patrol vessel HMCS Reindeer arrived Halifax from Sydney Force.

U.S.A.: The motion picture "The Philadelphia Story" opens at the Radio City Music Hall in New York City. Directed by George Cukor, this romantic comedy based on a Philip Barry play stars Cary Grant, Katharine Hepburn, James Stewart and Ruth Hussey.

Light cruiser USS Denver laid down.

ATLANTIC OCEAN: SS Waiotira damaged by U-95.

German armored ship Admiral Scheer meets with auxiliary cruisers H.K. Thor and Pinguin, resupply ship SS Nordmark, tanker SS Eurofeld and the captured freighter SS Duquesa at point "Andalusien" located about 713 nautical miles (1 320 kilometers) west of the British island of St. Helena in the South Atlantic in position 15S, 18W.

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December 26th, 1941 (FRIDAY)

U.S.S.R.: Soviet landings at Kerch in the eastern Crimea threaten some units of the German 11th Army which continues their attacks on Sevastopol.

Leningrad: Colonel Esparza of the Spanish Division Azul orders that a fortified position call the 'Intermediate', should be established between Udarnik and Lubkovo. The position is manned by a platoon under the command of [Ensign] Alferez Moscoso. (Russ Folsom)

NORWAY: The British land 260 commandos on Moskenesoy in the Lofoten Islands. Their mission is to destroy a fish-oil factory. This is Operation ANKLET targeted at the islands of Reine, Sund and Soervaagen and designed as a diversion for Operation ARCHERY (see tomorrow, 27th December, 1941). The force which included men from the Norwegian 'Lingekompaniet' landed unopposed and captured the German garrison without a fight, they left two days later after having destroyed installations. (Torstein)

EGYPT: General Claude Auchinleck, Commander-in-Chief Middle East Command, is notified that four RAF fighter squadrons are to be transferred from the Middle East to the Far East.

CHINA: The Tulsa Incident occurred in Burma on 19 December when a U.S. officer asked the Government of Burma to impound lend-lease material at Rangoon, much of which was in the freighter SS Tulsa in the harbor, pending a decision on its use. This incident ends today with a conciliatory meeting between Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek and Brigadier General John Magruder, head of the American Military Mission to China (AMMISCA), during which it is agreed to send an AMMISCA officer to Rangoon.

MALAYA: Ipoh is evacuated by Indian 11th Division troops, but the Indian 12th Brigade Group fights a rear-guard action at Chemor, to the north.

COMMONWEALTH OF THE PHILIPPINES: Manila, is declared an open city but Japanese bombing continues unabated. USN defense forces under Rear Admiral Francis W. Rockwell, Commander of the Sixteenth Naval District and the Philippine Naval Coastal Frontier, move to Corregidor Island. The North Luzon Force, except for the 194th Tank Battalion, falls back from the Agno River to the line Santa Ignacia-Guimba--San Jose. The South Luzon Force continues to withdraw in two columns and organizes their first line of defense west of Sariaya.

     Japanese "Nell" (Mitsubishi G3M2, Navy Type 96 Attack Bombers) and "Betty" (Mitsubishi G4M1, Navy Type 1 Attack Bombers) bombers based on Formosa bomb shipping in Manila Bay; the USN destroyer USS Peary (DD-226) is damaged by near-misses. Motor torpedo boat PT-33, damaged by grounding on 24 December about 53 nautical miles (99 kilometers) south-southwest of Manila in position 13.46N, 120.40E, is burned to prevent capture.

MIDWAY ISLANDS: USN seaplane tender USS Tangier (AV-8), diverted from the attempt to relieve Wake Island, disembarks Battery B, 4th Marine Defense Battalion and the ground echelon of Marine Fighting Squadron Two Hundred Twenty One (VMF-221) at Midway to augment that garrison's defenses.

U.S.A.: Washington: In a fighting speech to the US Congress today, Winston Churchill said of Japanese and Germans: "What kind of people do they think we are? Is it possible they do not realize we shall never cease to persevere against them until they have been taught a lesson which they and the world will never forget?"

The British prime minister was given round after round of rousing applause. At the end, as he left the rostrum, walking with hunched shoulders, he turned and acknowledged the applause by raising his right hand to give the two-fingered V for victory sign. This brought a renewed storm of cheering.

Churchill's emphasis on the democratic traditions shared by Britain and the US was heard with particular warmth. "The speech was a demonstration of the fine unity that exists between the United States and Great Britain," said Senator Harry F Byrd. The isolationist Senator Burton K Wheeler admitted: "It was a clever speech that under the circumstances would more or less appeal to the average American."

The USN decrees that all shore based aircraft are to be painted flat light grey with all surfaces viewed from above to be painted flat blue grey.

Lieutenant General John DeWitt, Commanding General Fourth Army and Commanding General Western Defense Command, telephones the Provost General in Washington, D.C. to say that the Los Angeles Chamber of Commerce is demanding the internment of all Japanese, citizens or not, in the Southern California area. DeWitt feels such a move would likely alienate loyal Japanese.

MEXICO: The Mexicans break off diplomatic relations with Germany. (Mike Yared)

ATLANTIC OCEAN:

British submarine HMS/M H-31 (N 31) sailed from Falmouth, Devon, England, and left its escort on 19 December for a patrol in the Bay of Biscay, about 200 nautical miles (370 kilometers) west-southwest of Brest, France. She is reported overdue today. The cause of her loss is unknown but it is possibly a German minefield or a drifting British mines. All hands are lost.

SS Warszawa sunk by U-559 32.10N, 26.48E - Grid CO 6777. (DS)

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December 26th, 1942(SATURDAY)

NORWAY: Clergy read from the pulpit a message attacking Nazi persecution of the Jews.

U.S.S.R.: German forces south of the Don, under Manstein, are in full retreat as the Soviet advance nears Kotelnikovo.

The Soviets capture Radomyshl in the Kiev sector.

ALGERIA: Algiers: General Henri Giraud has been chosen as French High Commissioner for North Africa. The appointment was made by the French imperial council here, but the choice was approved by the Allied High Command.

Spokesman for General Charles de Gaulle, the leader of the Free French in London, commented favourably on Giraud's appointment yesterday, although Giraud is a potential rival to de Gaulle with whom he has a chilly relationship.

Bonnier de la Chapelle, the assassin of Admiral Darlan is executed by firing squad.

TUNISIA: USAAF Ninth Air Force B-24 Liberators are dispatched against Tunis harbor during the night of 26/27 December; three hit the primary target while one each bomb Sousse and Sfax.

     USAAF Twelfth Air Force B-17 Flying Fortresses, with fighter escort, hit the harbor and shipping at Bizerte; heavy antiaircraft and fighter attacks account for two B-17s and two P-38 Lightnings shot down; P-38 Lightnings claim two Fw 190s destroyed. Other B-17s, with P-40 escort, bomb the harbor and shipping at Sfax and three enemy vessels are claimed sunk. P-38 Lightnings on reconnaissance attack locomotives and motor vehicles south of Tunis and west of Sousse. P-40s strafe barges off Sousse, destroying one of them, and strafe ground targets during reconnaissance over the Kairouan-Sousse-Kasserine area. During the night of 26/27 December, C-47 Skytrains drop a detachment of U.S. paratroopers at a bridge north of El Djem.

FRENCH SOMALILAND: Free French troops enter the colony from British Somaliland to seize two rail bridges and thus insure the safety of the rail line from the port of Djibouti to Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The action is accomplished without bloodshed.

CHINA: A large force of Japanese aircraft attempt to raid Yunnani Airfield. They are intercepted by P-40s of the USAAF Tenth Air Force's China Air Task Force and eight fighters and three twin-engine bombers are shot down.

BURMA: B-25 Mitchells of the USAAF Tenth Air Force's China Air Task Force bomb Lashio.

THAILAND: Twelve B-24 Liberators of the USAAF Tenth Air Force's India Air Task Force bomb the railroad station, dock area, arsenal, and power plant at Bangkok.

NEW GUINEA: On the Urbana front in Papua, New Guinea, the 127th Infantry Regiment, 32d Infantry Division, renews an attack to open the corridor to the sea. Company C is prevented by stubborn opposition from reaching Companies A and F near the coast, but a patrol gets through. In the Buna area, Warren Force, assisted by an Australian 25-pound (87.6 millimeter) gun emplaced at the southeastern end of Old Strip, succeeds at last in forming a continuous line across the strip. Advance elements on the flanks push to the northwestern end and begin the reduction of Japanese positions there. Under cover of darkness during the night of 26/27 December, additional Allied tanks and troops are landed at Oro Bay.

     In Northeast New Guinea, USAAF Fifth Air Force heavy bombers carry out single-bomber attacks against Finschhafen and Madang. Japanese aircraft from Rabaul, New Britain Island, Bismarck Archipelago, attack Doboduru but are driven off by U.S. P-40s with the loss of seven "Zeke"� fighters (Mitsubishi A6M, Navy Type 0 Carrier Fighters)..

SOLOMON ISLANDS: Guadalcanal: The US XIV Corps, backed by artillery and air power, is facing fierce resistance on Mount Austen as it advances from Henderson Field. Major-General Alexander Patch, whose XIV Corps relieved the Marines on 9 December, says that possession of Mount Austen is vital to any future offensive. His troops, clearing enemy positions, say that malaria and hunger are rife among the Japanese, a sure sign that their supplies are running low with few Japanese ships able to outrun the US naval blockade.

3d Battalion, 132d Infantry Regiment, Americal Division, renews an attack to the south, making limited progress against strong opposition from the Gifu strongpoint. The 3d and 1st Battalions, the latter on the east, dig in for the night on a line between Hill 31 and Gifu.

     Brigadier General Francis P Mulcahy, USMC, arrives on Guadalcanal with the Second Marine Aircraft Wing and assumes operational control of all aircraft on the island, including those of the USAAF and USN.

     USMC SBD Dauntlesses and F4F Wildcats and USAAF P-38 Lightnings from Henderson Field, Guadalcanal, attack Japanese transports at Wickham Anchorage, New Georgia Island, sinking two merchant cargo ships. In the afternoon, a USAAF P-39 Airacobra and a USMC F4F Wildcat pilot shoot down a "Zeke" fighter (Mitsubishi A6M, Navy Type 0 Carrier Fighter) and three "Rufe" seaplane fighters (Nakajima A6M2-N, Navy Type 2 Fighter Seaplanes) over Munda Airfield on New Georgia Island.

BISMARCK ARCHIPELAGO: USAAF Fifth Air Force heavy bombers carry out single-bomber attacks against Cape Gloucester Airfield on New Britain Island and attack shipping off the island.

CANADA: Corvette HMCS Sudbury arrived Liverpool, Nova Scotia for refit.

TERRITORY OF ALASKA: ALEUTIAN ISLANDS: Six USAAF Eleventh Air Force B-24 Liberators and nine P-38 Lightnings attack Holtz Bay on northeast Attu Island but do not find the eight "Rufe" seaplane fighters (Nakajima A6M2-N, Navy Type 2 Fighter Seaplanes) seen there yesterday. The P-38 Lightnings strafe Attu installations at minimum altitude. while the B-24s bomb Sarana Bay. Antiaircraft fire downs a P-38 and damages another. Later, six B-25 Mitchells and four P-38 Lightnings over Kiska Island and Gertrude Cove abort due to low ceiling.

ATLANTIC OCEAN: The British destroyers HMS HESPERUS and HMS VANESSA, escorting convoy HX-219, sink U-357, by depth charges, 308 nautical miles west-northwest of Londonderry, in position 57.10N, 15.40W, by depth charges. Six of the 42 crewman survive.

     USN submarine USS Barb (SS-220) mistakenly torpedoes and damages the 6,276 ton neutral Spanish tanker MV Campomanes off Cape Finisterre, Spain. Cape Finisterre is a rocky promontory in extreme northwestern Spain.

Canadian-escorted convoy ONS-154 loses 14 ships to German U-boats in mid-Atlantic; gets 32 to Britain by Dec 30.

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December 26th, 1943 (SUNDAY)

ITALY: German defenders are cleared from Monte Sammucro.
It is announced that General Ira Eaker is to command the Mediterranean Allied Air Forces, and Doolittle is to take over the 8th Air Force. (Doug Tidy)

ARCTIC OCEAN: Scharnhorst and her escorting destroyers search for Convoy JW-55B, north of Norway. Visibility is poor throughout the morning, the seas are heavy and Scharnhorst 's radar is out of order. They find the British cruisers providing distant escort under Admiral Burnett. Admiral Bey breaks off to circle north for the convoy and detaches the destroyers into a scouting line.

At 0834 is detected by the heavy cruiser HMS Norfolk from a distance of 30,000 meters (32,800 yards). Shortly afterwards the light cruisers Belfast and Sheffield of "Force I" (Vice-Admiral Burnett) also obtain contact. At 0924, the Belfast opens fire on Scharnhorst from 11,900 meters (13,000 yards), and is followed by Norfolk at 0930. Scharnhorst replies with her after turret but obtains no hits. Scharnhorst is hit by two 20.3cm projectiles from HMS Norfolk. One shell strikes the battery deck but fails to explode. The other hits the foretop and disables the radar apparatus (FuMo 27). Scharnhorst turns away southeast at 30 knots and then north again.  Visibility improves somewhat near noon and action with the British cruisers resumes. Shortly after 1200, Scharnhorst runs once again into the cruisers of "Force I", this time re-inforced by four destroyers from the convoy escort, MUSKETEER, MARTCHLESS, OPPORTUNE and VIRAGO, and opens fire at about 1230 with her main and secondary batteries. In this second engagement, the HMS Norfolk is hit twice by 28cm shells. Turret "X" is put out of action after a hit in the barbette, while another shell disables the radars and kills seven men. The Sheffield is hit by splinters. At 1241, believing she is receiving fire from a battleship, Scharnhorst turns away south and ceases fire. At 1617, the battleship Duke of York of Force II (Admiral Fraser) obtains radar contact with Scharnhorst from 42,500 meters (46,480 yards), and after closing the range to 10,900 meters (11,920 yards) opens fire at 1648. Being without radar Bey is surprised. Almost immediately the Scharnhorst is hit by a 35.6cm projectile in turret "Anton" which is put out of action. Another shell from Duke of York demolishes the hangar. At 1657, Belfast and HMS Norfolk open fire. Scharnhorst is repeatedly hit but manages to increase the distance with "force II" to 19,600 meters (21,435 yards). At 1820, a 35.6cm projectile passes through Scharnhorst 's upper belt and reaches the No.1 Boiler room (section IX) that becomes a total loss. The speed drops to 22 knots. At 1850, the destroyers of "Force II" close on and obtain one torpedo hit on Scharnhorst 's starboard side and three more on the port side. Speed drops to 20 knots. Duke of York and Jamaica open fire again at 1901 from 9,600 meters (10,500 yards) obtaining numerous hits. Scharnhorst still fires back with turrets "Bruno" and "Cäsar" but obtains no hits. At 1912, the cruisers of "force I" open fire. Thereafter cruisers Jamaica and Belfast launch all their torpedoes, and destroyers Musketeer, Opportune and Virago 19 more. The Scharnhorst finally capsizes and sinks at 1945.

Only 36 of her crew of 1968 survive. (Mark Horan and Navy News)

U.S.S.R.: The Soviets capture Radomyshl and over 150 other places in the Kiev salient.

ITALY: In the U.S. Fifth Army's II Corps area, some elements of the 36th Infantry Division clear Morello Hill; others take responsibility for Hill 730. The Sammucro hills are now completely cleared of German troops. In the VI Corps area, the 8th Rifle Regiment of the 2d Moroccan Division attacks Mainarde ridge, north of the Atina road, unsuccessfully.

     USAAF Fifteenth Air Force B-26 Marauders bomb marshalling yards at Prato, Empoli, and Pistoia. .

SOLOMON ISLANDS: The 1st Marine Division, under General Rupertus, begins landings near Cape Gloucester on New Britain. Naval support is provided by Admiral Barbey's US naval TF 76. The landing, over difficult terrain, succeeds and the Marines defeat a few small Japanese attacks during the first night. 

On Bougainville, seven USAAF Thirteenth Air Force B-25 Mitchells, with 34 fighters, attack the Cape Saint George area and 25 B-25s attack the bivouac and supply area at Kahili. New Zealand (PV-1) Venturas on reconnaissance bomb Chivaroi and Faisi Islands.

BISMARCK ARCHIPELAGO: After preparatory naval gunfire and aerial bombardment, during which Japanese observation from Target Hill, commanding the landing beach, is masked by smoke, Task Force BACKHANDER, commanded by Major General William H. Rupertus, Commanding General 1st Marine Division, and consisting of the 1st Marine Division (--), reinforced, begins the main invasion of New Britain at Cape Gloucester at 0746 hours. The Marines are landed by the Seventh Amphibious Force under Rear Admiral Daniel E. Barbey. Forested, swampy terrain is more formidable than the surprised Japanese, who offer only light opposition. The 7th Marine Regiment establishes a beachhead, clearing. Target Hill, and is passed through by the 1st Marine Regiment. General Rupertus establishes his command post ashore. Successful secondary landings are made by the reinforced 2d Battalion, 1st Marine Regiment, at Tauali, southwest of the airdrome, and by elements of the 2d Engineer Special Brigade on Long Is  land. A Japanese force reaches positions northwest of the Arawe main line of resistance.

     During retaliatory Japanese air strikes on Cape Gloucester, USN destroyers USS Lamson (DD-367), Shaw (DD-373), and Mugford (DD-389) are damaged by dive bombers; and tank landing ships USS LST-66 is damaged by a horizontal bomber. USN destroyer USS Brownson (DD-518) is escorting landing craft during the landings at Cape Gloucester. At about 1442 hours local, Brownson is hit by two bombs from a Japanese "Val" dive bomber (Aichi D3A, Navy Type 99 Carrier Bomber). The bombs strike to starboard of the centerline, near number two stack. A tremendous explosion follows and the entire structure above the main deck as well as the deck plating, is gone. The ship lists 10 to 15 degrees to starboard and settles rapidly amidships with the bow and stern canted upward. The wounded are placed in rafts and at 1450 hours the order to abandon ship is given. The amidships section is entirely underwater at that time. There is a single ripple like a depth charge explosion and the ship sinks at

  1459 hours about 6.5 nautical miles (12 kilometers) north of Cape Gloucester in position 05.20S, -148.25E. One hundred eight of her crew are lost.

     Supporting the landings, over 270 USAAF Fifth Air Force B-25 Mitchells. B-24 Liberators, and A-20 Havocs attack the area between the Cape and Borgen Bay from 0714 to l614 hours. P-38 Lightnings, P-40s, and P-47 Thunderbolts claim over 60 Japanese aircraft shot down over the invasion area. Captain Thomas B. McGuire, Jr., flying a P-38H, shoots down three "Val" dive bombers (Aichi D3A, Navy Type 99 Carrier Bombers) over the invasion beaches. He cuts cards with a second pilot for the credit for shooting down a fourth "Val" and loses. McGuire now has 16 victories.

MARSHALL ISLANDS: Sixteen USAAF Seventh Air Force B-24 Liberators, staging through the Gilbert Islands, bomb Wotje Atoll while P-39 Airacobras fly reconnaissance and strafing missions over Mili Atoll.

ATLANTIC OCEAN: At 0725, the unescorted SS Chapultepec was spotted in hazy weather by U-530 about 90 miles NE of Cristobal. The tanker’s acoustic torpedo detector noticed the torpedo fired but seconds later struck just abaft the stem. The explosion destroyed the forepeak tank and damaged nearby compartments. The ship immediately began a series of short zigzags at full speed and then returned to normal pattern after ten minutes. The tanker settled by the head, but the cargo was shifted until the vessel was on even keel. On the afternoon of the 26 December, the tanker arrived at Cristobal and discharged her cargo the next day. Two men of the ten officers, 43 men and 28 armed guards (the ship was armed with one 5in, one 3in and eight 20mm guns) on board reported injuries. The Chapultepec later steamed to Galveston for dry-docking and repairs.

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December 26th, 1944 (TUESDAY)

UNITED KINGDOM: A German A4 (V2) rocket hits the Prince of Wales pub in Mckenzie Road, Islington Borough, North London. Sixty eight people are killed.

The USAAF Eighth Air Force flies Mission 763: three B-17 Flying Fortresses and six B-24 Liberators drop leaflets in the Netherlands and Germany during the night of 26/27 December.

ENGLISH CHANNEL:  German submarine U-486 torpedoes and sinks the British frigate HMS Capel [K 470, ex USN destroyer escort Wintle (DE 266)] in the English Channel about 12 nautical miles (23 kilometers) north of Cherbourg, France, in position 49.50N, 01.41W. The ship is hit by two G7s T5 electric Zaunkoning (Gnat) torpedoes. Seventy six of her crew go down with the ship.

BELGIUM: Bastogne is relieved by units from the US 4th Armored Division.
In the fast-gathering darkness a detachment of engineers manning the southern perimeter defences of Bastogne reported the approach of three armoured vehicles "believed friendly." They were Shermans from Patton's 4th Armoured Division, which had fought its way up through Luxembourg. Thus the German siege of the town, where five main roads meet, was lifted.

Lt-Gen Patton began his attack four days ago when he ordered the 4th Armored: "Drive like hell." Favoured by the terrain, German parachute troops, fighting as infantry, stubbornly defended every village and patch of woodland, slowing the American armour. For the Americans inside Bastogne, it was touch-and-go whether they could hold out. Christmas Day began with a heavy overnight air bombardment; it was followed by an all-out Panzer attack directed at the western arc of the American defences. The battle lasted through the day, but the Panzers were badly mauled by the men of the 101st Airborne and a hastily-gathered assortment of reinforcements. As night fell it was apparent that the German assault had been broken. 

This is almost certainly the turning point in the German's Ardennes gamble. Von Manteuffel's Panzers, unable to take Bastogne, had swept westwards towards the Meuse, following the Blitzkreig principle of keeping the armour moving. But 1940 is not to be replayed today.

For the past three days since the cloud lifted, the Germans have been mercilessly pounded from the air, and Major-General "Ligntning Joe" Collins's armour and infantry, joined by British armour, have smashed the German spearhead at Celles. Today the Panzer remnants have begun pulling back.

Von Mantueffel is bitter at Hitler's repeated failure to give him the reinforcements he needed. Only today was he told he could have the rest of the available reserves - and now they cannot be moved for lack of petrol. Yet had Peiper's Kampgruppe pushed on through Stavelot ten days ago it could have taken a US fuel dump of over 2.5 million gallons . Peiper, cut off and short of supplied, told his men on Christmas Eve to head for home; fewer than 800 of the original force of 4,000 have reached safety.

Hitler was told today that any idea of capturing Antwerp, as he had talked of doing, must now be ruled out. Even the Meuse is beyond German grasp. Von Manteuffel telephoned Jodl at army HQ and said that the Allied were counter-attacking and he was pulling his men back from the Celles salient. Instantly, the order came down from the Führer halting the withdrawal. Von Rundstedt, nominally the overall commander of the Ardennes offensive, but profoundly sceptical of the operation, has offered his verdict on Hitler's "No retreat" order: "This is Stalingrad Number Two."

General der Infanterie Heinz Kokott, Commanding General 26 Volks Grenadier Division: "During the night of 25/26 December, the German encirclement forces conducted minor reorganizations and improvements of positions. The units were straightened out, small reserves were formed, lost contacts re-established, ammunition supplies restocked." ...

"During the morning, Reconnaissance Battalion 26 believed to recognize enemy movements near Isle-la-Hesse. The battalions's request for fire concentrations into that area was compiled with immediately.

"During the morning, the division received several disturbing reports through Rifle Regiment 39 as to there tense situation at the 5th Parachute Infantry Division, covering the division's rear.

Detailed information, however, could not be obtained. Orientation by way of corps did mention hard fighting and strong enemy pressure at the 5th Parachute Infantry Division, but it was generally believed that it would be possible to keep the enemy from the encirclement front during 26 December.

"Towards noon, the fighting at Rifle Regiment 39 in front of Isle-le-Pre became somewhat more lively. Groups of tanks were recognized inside Isle-le-Pre and the enemy undertook several partial thrusts. Regiment 39 maintained that Sibert and Assenois were receiving artillery fire from the south."

" ... Experience had shown that, during darkness and night, the enemy did not continue his attacks and that, as a rule, he would not resume them before 0900 or 1000 hours the following day. During that period there was generally nothing to be feared, plans could be made accordingly and - in this case - preparations. Furthermore, on 27 December the 'Fuhrer Escort Brigade' was to arrive.

" ... towards 1500 hours, a report came in via Rifle Regiment 39, from the division's security screen 'that elements of the 5th Parachute Infantry Division - forced by the enemy - had gone back to Sibert and via Hompre and that enemy tanks were attacking Clochimont.

"Shortly thereafter communications with Rifle Regiment 39 ceased to function. The division inquired with corps as to what was known about the situation at the 5th Parachute Infantry Division. Corps knew only about the fighting near Remichampagne and were surprised to hear that the front near Clochimont had been torn open.

"Towards 1600 hours, the division had ordered the 15th Panzer Grenadier Division to move several tanks (or armored vehicles), which in the meantime had arrived or had been repaired, to Regiment 39.

This group - about 4 to 6 vehicles with infantrymen and engineer as crews - was to set out as soon as the fighter-bombers would have disappeared (this was usually around 1600 - 1630 hours).

'"Then before this small, final group of reinforcements had left, a call came through from the commander of Rifle Regiment 39 from his command post in the forest immediately northwest of Assenois. He reported:

"'Towards 1700 hours, while his regiment had been engaged in front of Isle-la-Hesse and at the northern edge of the Bois d'Hazy Forest, Assenois had been attacked by tanks from the direction of Clochimont. The weak local security detachment, together with supply personnel, some stray paratroopers and the staff of Regiment 39, had taken up the battle. Supported by artillery, the initial battle had been checked. The enemy had started a second attack, using smoke screens, phosphorus bullets and being well supported by artillery. He had penetrated the village; some elements had by-passed it to the east. Bitter street fighting had taken place in Assenois. Mines, anti-tank close combat weapons and anti-tank guns had put a number of enemy tanks and personnel carriers out of commission. Some of the crews had been wounded and taken prisoners. Despite some desperate, bloody resistance, the remnants of the enemy armored group had fought their way through Assenois. Nearly were 10 to 12 tanks in tight formation - firing from all their barrels - in a wild drive had broken from Assenois to Bastogne over and through the German encirclement front!'

Even though this had been a small armored group - the enemy had succeeded in his link up with the forces inside Bastogne! There remained no doubt that this steel spearhead would soon be followed by the impetus of strong, armored units."

"The rear cover over the Bastogne encirclement ring had been split open in the southwest. As was found out through officers of reconnaissance detachments during the dark evening hours of 26 December, not a single man of the 5th Parachute Infantry Division was left between Salvacourt and Sibert.

"While Rifle Regiment 39 with its reduced forces had been able to close the gap of the initial armored enemy breakthrough, it was evident that in the long run the regiment would not be able to withstand an enemy pressure simultaneously from the north and south.

"The division could no longer supply any relief from its own resources. It had for a long time done more than could have been expected. With the best of intention, no additional forces could be scrapped together which could have been committed to strengthen the Assenois sector, not to mention for an attack against the enemy pouring into Bastogne (like through a corridor).

"Furthermore it had to be expected that the enemy in Bastogne - now that the ling up had been completed -, being encouraged and strengthened, would make an attempt to meet the armored forces in order to expand the corridor and to blast the ring in the south.

"It probably was merely a question of time as to when the enemy would begin a large-scale attack out of Bastogne to the north and northeast.

"The lack of forces on the German side was felt everywhere. In the north there was practically nothing, in the northeast a single regiment (Grenadier 78) was covering along a wide salient extending from Bastogne to beyond the Bastogne - Bras road. In the south there were the badly battered Regiments 901 and 39, at some points fighting in two directions, in the west (in addition to Reconnaissance Battalion 26) the remnants of the 15th Panzer Grenadier Division and Regiment 77 which, during the fighting of 25 December, had been reduced to a few fragmentary groups. The situation had reached the breaking point. The division, on the evening of 26 December, reported the situation to the corps, together with the developments likely to result from it. Corps could not be of any help. It had no resources. The situation at 2nd Panzer Division and Panzer Lehr Division - far removed from Bastogne - had deteriorated."

"The offensive thrust of Sixth Panzer Army - activated for political reasons (!) - had been a total failure. " ...

"On 26 December, the day when the 4th Armored Division broke through to join up with the 101st Airborne Division, the first part of the battle for Bastogne came to an end. It was one of the toughest and most bitter battles of this Second World War.

"Soldiers of the highest calibre had been facing each other. They fought without hate, strong and powerful, every man faithful to his duty, all for their country, instilled with the righteousness of their cause!

"27 December marked the beginning of the second phase of the battle for Bastogne - a chain of attempts (mostly with inadequate means and forces!) By the military/political authorities to exploit the operations 'Ardennes Offensive' at least for some political gains of prestige." (Jay Stone)

In the U.S. First Army area, the army halts the German's westward drive short of the Meuse River. The German supply lines are now overextended, and stalled armor becomes a lucrative target for aerial attacks. XVIII Corps (Airborne) maintains defensive positions and defeats German efforts to break through to the Meuse River. In the VII Corps area, the 3d Armored Division stabilizes its front except on the left, where contact has not yet been established with the 7th Armored Division; and seizes Grandmenil and the heights south of the Soy-Hotton road. The 84th Infantry Division reduces a German pocket between Verdenne and Bourdon and hurls back a German thrust toward Menil. The 2d Armored Division repels counterattacks in the Celles area and against Havrenne and Frandeux, inflicting heavy losses on the Germans.

     In the U.S. Third Army area, armored units break through to Bastogne. In the III Corps area, forward tanks of Combat Command R, 4th Armored Division, push through Assenois to Bastogne, but vehicles are unable to follow. The 101st Airborne Division is temporarily attached to corps. Combat Command A, 9th Armored Division, is detached from the 10th Armored Division, XII Corps, and attached to 4th Armored Division for employment on the western flank.

     USAAF Ninth Air Force bombers attack road junctions, rail bridges, rail head, communications and casual targets in the breakthrough area as the German's westward drive ends short of the Maas River; fighters fly escort, armed reconnaissance, sweeps, and support the U.S. III and VIII Corps south of Bastogne, as the US 4th Armored Division breaks the ring around the city.

     During the day, the weather at last improves and allows RAF Bomber Command to intervene in the Ardennes battle. Two hundred ninety four aircraft, 146 Lancasters, 136 Halifaxes and 12 Mosquitos, are dispatched to attack German troop positions near St Vith; 278 actually bomb. The bombing appears to be concentrated and accurate. Two Halifaxes are lost.

LUXEMBOURG: In the U.S. Third Army's XII Corps area, the 26th Infantry Division closes along the Sauer River, winning Eschdorf in a lively battle, and begins crossing. The 80th Infantry Division, after clearing Scheidel, is halted in the Kehmen area and transferred in place to the XIl Corps; the intercorps boundary is adjusted accordingly. The 35th Infantry Division is attached to III Corps to assist in action against the southern flank of the Ardennes salient. In the XII Corps area, the 5th Infantry Division improves positions in the Echternach area and takes Berdorf. The 6th Armored Division, transferred to the corps from the XX Corps, moves into Luxembourg and relieves the 10th Armored Division. The latter passes to XX Corps control. The 109th Infantry Regiment reverts to the 28th Infantry Division (VIII Corps) from attachment to the 10th Armored Division.

FRANCE: Alsace: 7th US Army completed moving to defensive positions. Tanks and other armoured vehicles were given sand bag racks for a layer of extra protection in less-mobile defensive operations. VI Corps was spread dangerously thin with a make shift task force (Task Hudelston, 14th Armored Division) thrown together to cover ten miles of the most favourable defensive terrain.

German troop build up for "Operation Nordwind" continued with Hitler making the final decision for Army Group G to include: two SS Divisions (one Infantry and one Mountain Infantry, these two divisions were made up of young men raised and trained to be SS troopers) and six Volksgrenadier Divisions with one Armored Infantry and one Armored Division in Operational Reserve. 

US 7th Army Forces now in defence were Five Infantry Divisions and one Armored division with One Infantry Division (-) and one Armored Division in reserve.

Troop strength for both forces was about even and included numerous new replacements. (Joe Brott)

At 1414, U-486 fired three Gnats at the 1st Escort Group on patrol off Cherbourg and observed hits after 1 minute 39 seconds and 1 minute 41 seconds and heard a third detonation after 7 minutes. Meyer claimed two destroyers sunk and a corvette damaged. In fact the frigates HMS Affleck and Capel (ex-USS Wintle) were hit. The latter sank and the other was towed to port, but declared a total loss. After the war the HMS Affleck returned to the US Navy in Britain, where she was sold on 24 Jan 1947 and served as mercantile hulk Nostra Senora de la Luz until 1970, when she was broken up.

In the U.S. Seventh Army area, the army finishes regrouping. XV Corps, holding the line from St Avold to Bitche, now consists of the 106th Cavalry Group (Mechanized) and the 103d, 44th, and 100th Infantry Divisions. VI Corps is disposed between Bitche and the Rhine River and contains Task Force Hudelson and 45th and 79th Infantry Divisions.

GERMANY: Berlin: Guderian convinced that the Ardennes offensive will end in failure, tries but fails to persuade Hitler to call it off.

U-2523 commissioned.

In U.S. Ninth Army's XIX Corps area, the 8th Infantry Division clears Obermaubach and is working on the pocket to the south.

     The USAAF Eighth Air Force flies Mission 762: Poor weather inhibits operations but 151 bombers and 336 fighters are dispatched to hit rail targets behind the Bulge; they claim 11-0-1 Luftwaffe aircraft; two fighters are lost. The targets are (numbers in parenthesis indicate number of aircraft bombing and number lost, e.g., 97-1):

 - Marshalling yards: Niederlahnstein (35-0), Neuweid (12-0) and Andernach (9-0).

 - Railroad bridges: Sinzig (35-0) and Neuweid (23-0).

 - Railroad junctions: Sinzig (12-0).

Seventy P-51 Mustangs make a sweep in the Bonn area to support the bombers; they claim 3-0-0 aircraft; two P-51 Mustangs are lost.

     USAAF Fifteenth Air Force B-17 Flying Fortresses attack two synthetic oil refineries (numbers in parenthesis indicate number of aircraft bombing and number lost, e.g., 97-1): the I.G. Farben South refinery at Blechhammer (121-9) and the Deschowitz refinery in Odertal (118-3).

BALTIC SEA: U-2342 sunk north of Swinemünde, in position 54.01.8N, 14.15.20E, by a mine. 7 dead, unknown number of survivors.

HUNGARY: The Soviet Third Ukrainian Front virtually closes the ring around Budapest; capturing the fortress city of Esztergom.

     USAAF Fifteenth Air Force hit three targets as targets of opportunity: six bomb the marshalling yard at Kormend and one each bomb the marshalling yard at Cellodomolk and the city of Moson.

CZECHOSLOVAKIA: One USAAF Fifteenth Air Force bomber attacks the city of Podol as a target of opportunity.

POLAND: Ninety five USAAF Fifteenth Air Force B-24 Liberators bomb the I.G. Farben oil refinery at Oswiecim (part of the Auschwitz death camp) with the loss of 11 aircraft.

ITALY: Sommocolonia: First Lieutenant John R. Fox, Cannon Company, 366th Infantry Regiment, 92d Infantry Division, stays on in the town after German soldiers infiltrate the town. Calls down artillery fire upon his own position. This defeats the German attack, but results in the death of Lt. Fox. (MOH)

In the U.S. Fifth Army's IV Corps area, the Germans begin a series of counterattacks against 92d Infantry Division positions astride the Serchio River, forcing a general withdrawal after outposts are driven back.

     Good weather permits operations by the USAAF Twelfth Air Force in force for the first time in several days; during the day medium bombers concentrate on the Brenner Pass and hit Padua, San Ambrogio di Valpolicella, Ponte di Piave, Dolce, the Pordenone railroad bridge, and two dumps in the Bologna area. Fighter-bombers bomb railways, especially the Brenner line, bridges in the Po Valley, and northeastern Italy, support U.S. Fifth Army forces south of Bologna and in the Serchio River Valley where the Germans begin a series of counterattacks, and hit shipping at La Spezia and Genoa.

     USAAF Fifteenth Air Force heavy bombers attack railroad targets. The targets are (numbers in parenthesis indicate number of aircraft bombing and number lost, e.g., 97-1):

 - Railroad bridges: Ora (44-0), Mezza Corona (9-0), Rovereto (7-0) and Lavis (1-0).

 - Railroad junction: Cavlese (1-0).

 - Railroad viaduct: Aviso (26-1)

One other bomber attacks a highway as a target of opportunity.

     During the day, 34 RAF bombers of No. 205 (Heavy Bomber) Group bomb the railroad bridge at Casarsa.

     During the night of 26/27 December, USAAF Twelfth Air Force A-20 Havocs bomb pontoon bridges at Ficarolo, road bridges at Ostiglia and Castel Maggiore, San Benedetto Po crossing, Turin Airfield, and several Po Valley roads.

YUGOSLAVIA: During the day, 32 RAF bombers of No. 205 (Heavy Bomber) Group drop supplies to partisans.

CHINA: Major General Albert Wedemeyer, Commanding General U.S. China Theater of Operations and Chief of Staff to Chinese Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek, meeting with Chiang Kai-shek, U.S. Ambassador Major General Patrick Hurley, and Chinese Minister for Foreign Affairs, T. V. Soong, proposes that the food, clothing, and pay of Chinese Army be improved. He also informs the Generalissimo that plans are being made for an offensive (Operation BETA) against Kweilin, Liuchow, and Canton.

     Five USAAF Fourteenth Air Force B-25 Mitchells hit targets of opportunity in the Formosa Strait, in the Siang-Chiang Valley, and at Ikiawan and Changsha and 12 P-51 Mustangs attack the Tsinan Airfield.; 46 P-51 Mustangs, P-38 Lightnings, and P-40s hit railroad targets, shipping, storage and other targets of opportunity at or near Kinkiang, Anking, and Ka-chun, China.

BURMA: In the British Fourteenth Army's XV Corps area, the Indian 25th Division reaches Foul Point, at the tip of the Mayu Peninsula, well ahead of the expected time. The Japanese decide to withdraw from Akyab.

     Eight USAAF Tenth Air Force B-25 Mitchells knock out and damage bridges at Taunggon, Padan, and Kyaukhlebein; 34 P-47 Thunderbolts hit troop concentrations at Panghai, Mongyu, Na-hsang, Man Om, and Hpa-lin while eight others hit stores area and a distributing point at Hsenwi; 11 attack supplies at Pangpao, and two bomb rafts, boats, and landing points at the Myitson ferry. Four B-25 Mitchells fly offensive night reconnaissance against communications lines. .

     Six USAAF Fourteenth Air Force B-25 Mitchells bomb Wan Lai-Kam and fighter-bombers hit targets of opportunity in the Mong Long Valley, and Man Pong.

THAILAND: USAAF Fourteenth Air Force fighter-bombers hit targets of opportunity at or near Lampang.

COMMONWEALTH OF THE PHILIPPINES: The US beachhead on Mindoro is bombarded by a Japanese naval force, of two cruisers and six destroyers, sailing from Indochina. A US PT boat sinks one destroyer. This is the last sortie by a Japanese naval force in the area of the Philippines.

In the U.S. Eighth Army's X Corps area on Leyte, the 1st Cavalry and 32d Infantry Divisions continue west over rough terrain. The 34th Infantry Regiment, 24th Infantry Division, prepares to clear the northwestern part of the Leyte Peninsula. Companies F and G sail at 2300 hours through Biliran Strait to Gigantangan Island, where they spend the night. In the XXIV Corps area, the 77th Infantry Division remains in place in the Palompon sector.

     USAAF Far East Air Forces B-24 Liberators bomb Clark Field on Luzon Island. On Mindanao Island, B-25 Mitchells hit Matina Airfield, shipping in the Davao River, and bomb nearby Samal Island while B-24s hit Libby airfield.

     USAAF Fifth Air Force P-38 Lightning pilot Major Thomas B. McGuire, Jr., shoots down four Japanese "Zeke" fighters (Mitsubishi A6M, Navy Type 0 Carrier Fighters) over Manila, Luzon. McGuire has shot down seven "Zekes" in two days and he is nominated and later awarded the Medal of Honor for these actions. This brings his total victories to 38.

VOLCANO ISLAND: Thirteen USAAF Seventh Air Force B-24 Liberators based on Guam bomb Iwo Jima during the day. During the night of 26/27 December, two other B-24s bomb the island.

EAST INDIES: On Halmahera Island, USAAF Far East Air Forces (FEAF) B-25 Mitchells, B-24 Liberators, and fighter-bombers hit Galela, Lolobata, and Hate Tabako. Miscellaneous attacks by other FEAF aircraft are flown against targets in North Borneo, northeast Celebes, and Halmahera Islands. A B-24 Liberators sinks a Japanese cargo vessel off south coast of Boeroe Island.

MARCUS ISLAND: Three USAAF Seventh Air Force B-24 Liberators based in the Mariana Islands fly armed reconnaissance and bomb the island. Marcus Island is located in the North Pacific about 768 nautical miles (1 422 kilometers) west-northwest of Wake Island and is used as a refueling point for Japanese aircraft en route to the Central Pacific.

PACIFIC OCEAN: In the South China Sea, the Japanese "Intrusion Force" under Rear Admiral KIMURA Masanori, consisting of the heavy cruiser HIJMS Ashigara, light cruiser HIJMS Oyodo, three destroyers and three escort destroyers, approaches Mindoro Island, Philippine Islands, to bombard the beachhead. USAAF Far East Air Forces B-25 Mitchells, P-38 Lightnings, P-40s, and P-47 Thunderbolts and USN PB4Y Liberators and PBM Mariners successively attack the force. They damage heavy cruiser HIJMS Ashigara (near-misses), light cruiser HIJMS Oyodo, destroyers HIJMS Asashimo, Kiyoshimo, and Kasumi, and escort destroyers HIJMS Kaya and Kashi. KIMURA's force carries out its bombardment mission, then encounters U.S. motor torpedo boats; PT-77 is damaged, probably accidentally bombed by friendly aircraft. Subsequently, PT-223 sinks the already damaged destroyer HIJMS Kiyoshimo off San Jose, Mindoro. The Japanese ships arrive off Mindoro and about 2300 hours begin bombarding the beachhead. (Ja  ck McKillop)

SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC: Major Thomas B. McGuire (USAAF) flying a Lockheed P-38 shoots down four Mitsubishi A6M, Navy Type 0 Carrier Fighters ("Zeke").

U.S.A.:

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December 26th, 1945 (WEDNESDAY)

U.S.S.R.: Moscow: The Big Three foreign ministers agree to UN control of atomic weapons.

U.S.A.: Minesweepers USS Dipper and Gadwall commissioned.

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