The London Daily Telegraph reported:

‘Measures to oppose the expected air invasion of England, are virtually completed. These include digging trenches through park grounds, sports palaces and fields, and the erection of road barricades. Furthermore, armed patrols have been organised and all road signs and place designations removed.’

London: The Reuters News Agency reported:

‘Today the twice-weekly London-Bordeaux-Lisbon air-service was resumed. This line has restored air communications between England and the United States, because the "American Clipper" regularly flies into Lisbon.’

Westminster: Churchill today reviewed the war situation. In parliament he said: "We shall go on to the end ... we shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills; we shall never surrender ..."

Rousing MP’s patriotic fervour, he continued: "Even if - which I do not for a moment believe - this land or a large part of it were subjugated and starving, then our Empire beyond the seas, armed and guarded by the British Fleet, would carry out the struggle until in God’s good time the New World, with all its power and might, steps forth to the rescue and the liberation of the Old."

Earlier in his sombre report the Prime Minister described the Dunkirk evacuation as "a miracle of deliverance" even though the there had been "a colossal military disaster". Now, he said, Britain faced an imminent threat of invasion. But Napoleon had failed and so, too, would Hitler.

FRANCE: Dunkirk: The evacuation of the BEF and some of the French troops trapped with them comes to an end when the last ship, the destroyer HMS Shikari, leaves at 3.40 am. In the last four days and nights, 64,000 , 26,000 , 27,000 and 26,000 men are saved, giving a total of 340,000. 40,000 are left behind the form the rearguard. 222 naval vessels and some 800 civilian craft joined in the operations; six destroyers and 243 other ships have been sunk. RAF Fighter Command lost 106 aircraft during the seven days of the evacuation, the Luftwaffe 150 aircraft. Among the last to come ashore at Dover were seven French telephone operators, a party of railway engineers and a girl aged five, rescued from a Belgian farm. The RN must now take steps to protect Britain from invasion. An invasion fleet is to be attacked as it builds up and before it can reach British shores. Four destroyer flotillas with cruiser support move to the south, and escort and other vessels patrol offshore. The loss of these escorts from Atlantic convoy duties contributes to the sinking of many merchant ships, and eventually they return to duties.

MAP

GERMANY: Daily Keynote from the Reich Press Chief [Otto Dietrich].

‘The German bomb assault on Paris must be depicted as a military operation that does not violate international law, and the description of its effects must be disseminated as widely as possible via the translating and interpreting service, especially in broadcasts to England and France.

Kiel: At 0800 Admiral Wilhelm Marschall, flying his flag on schlachtschiff Gneisenau (Kapitan zur See Harald Netzbandt), leading schlachtschiff Scharnhorst (Kapitan zur See Caesar Hoffmann) and schwere kreuzer Admial Hipper (Kapitan zur See Hellmuth Heye) and escorted by the only four operational destroyers in the fleet [Hans Lody (Huberts Baron v. Wangenheim), Karl Galster (Theodor Baron v. Bechtolsheim), Erich Steinbrinck (Rolf Johannesson), and Hermann Schoemann (Theodor Detmers, later captain of the raider Kormoran)] as well as two torpedo boats [Falke and Jaguar], had departed Kiel for Operation "Juno" a foray into the waters off Northern Norway. (Mark Horan)

The day saw 38 sorties in miserable weather. Although no enemy forces were encountered throughout, the effort was considerable.

0035 Fighter patrol of two 800 Squadron Skuas (Lt. G. E. D. Finch-Noyes, RN)

0245 Weather and A.D.A. patrols form 810 Squadron

0345 Fighter patrol of three 800 Squadron Skuas (Lt. G. R. Callingham, RN)

0550 Weather and A.D.A. patrols by 820 Squadron, Fighter patrol by three 803 Squadron Skuas (Lt. C. H. Filmer, RN)

0645 Fighter patrol of three 800 Squadron Skuas (Lt. K. V. V. Spurway, RN)

0750 Fighter patrol of three 803 Squadron Skuas (Lt. C. W. Peever, RN)

0850 Weather and A.D.A. patrols by 820 Squadron

1005 Fighter patrol of two 803 Squadron Skuas (Lt. D. C. E. F. Gibson, RN) [later VA Sir, KCB, DSO, DSC]

1115 Armed recce flight by two 800 Squadron Skuas (Lt. R. T. Partridge, RM) each armed with a 250 pound SAP bomb to recon the road between Sorfold and Drag. Low clouds kept any useful observation from being performed, but one of the aircraft bombed a jetty on the way home

1145 Weather and A.D.A. patrols by 810 Squadron, Fighter patrol of three 800 Squadron Skuas (Lt. G. E. D. Finch-Noyes, RN). This patrol reports the transports leaving at 1430.

1515 Weather and A.D.A. patrols by 810 Squadron reports weather is was not unacceptable and flying was suspended inshore.

2200 Flight operations resumed; A/S patrol by one Swordfish of 820 Squadron for five merchant vessels and two trawlers leaving Harstad.

2350 Weather and A.D.A. and relief A/S patrols by 810 Squadron, Fighter patrol by three Skuas of 803 Squadron (Lt.Cdr. J. Casson, RN)

CANADA: HMCS Shawinigan is laid down in Lauzon, Province of Quebec.

NETHERLANDS: Wilhelm II, Germany's exiled Kaiser, who was born in 1859 and abdicated in 1918, died today.

IRAQ: A new pro-British cabinet is formed.

U.S.A.: The US Naval Aircraft Factory in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania reported that development of airborne television had progressed to the point that signals transmitted by this means could be used to alter the course of the transmitting aircraft.

ATLANTIC OCEAN: British vessels sink four of the BISMARK's support vessels.

GERMANY: Cologne: All inhabitants, except key industrial workers, are being evacuated - or have fled - from the devastated city of Cologne following the 1,000-bomber raid by the RAF at the end of last month.

The evacuation is announced in Cologne's largest newspaper, Kölnischer Zeitung, along with a message from Hitler asking about the extent of the damage. The paper also reveals that the troops have been called in to deal with widespread looting. But across Germany as a whole the extent of the destruction in Cologne is being minimized by the press. People living outside the zones attacked by the RAF have no way of knowing the extent of the damage. Court Martial verdicts show that people spreading "ridiculous rumours" purporting to be truth are sentenced to death.

One significant effect of the latest RAF raid is the closing down of many big stores in the target areas because of the destruction of large quantities of supplies and the dangers of looting.

CZECHOSLOVAKIA: Prague: Heydrich lived for eight days. The Germans took over the whole second storey of the Prague hospital, barred it to Czechs and set up SS machine-gun posts. While German doctors fought to save Heydrich's life, SS and Gestapo agents swarmed through the city. Arrests and shootings were widespread, but the hunted men were being sheltered by resistance families and the Germans were still without a lead when Heydrich died, aged 38, of blood poisoning caused by infection from bomb splinters in his back.

On this date, the new second flight leader, FL Reginald Patrick Mahoney Pat Gibbs DFC, RAF, age 26, is scheduled to make a early morning strike from LG.05 on an Italian convoy consisting of the mv Reginaldo Giuliani (6,837 BRT) and three escorts, DD Freccia, DE Pegaso, and TB Partenope. Gibbs schedules departure such that the sub-flight, flying in a scouting line, will reach the expected interception point at dawn, limiting the time that defending fighters can use to get off the ground in Libya. his range at dawn. Of the three scheduled aircraft, one is scrubbed with a balky engine. leaving two Beauforts for the job, Gibbs flying in AW337. Things go exactly as planned, Gibbs surprises the convoy approaching harbour, and slips his kipper into the merchant vessel, stopping her and causing a severe fire. She sinks later that morning. This is Gibbs first attack in the Mediterranean (having flown his first tour in the home islands) - it will not be his last!

LIBYA: The British Eighth Army launches a counter-offensive on Rommel's forces in the area known as the "Cauldron".

TERRITORY OF ALASKA: After attacking Dutch Harbor, Amaknak Island, Aleutian Islands yesterday, the Japanese task force heads for Adak Island, Aleutian Islands to support the Japanese landings on Attu and Kiska. However, a storm is encountered with heavy seas and Rear Admiral Kakaji Kakuta, the commander of Carrier Division Four, decides to turn back and attack Dutch Harbor again. It is rainy with a low-overcast limiting visibility and the two Japanese light aircraft carriers, HIJMS Junyo and HIJMS Ryujo, wait for it to clear. Finally, planes are dispatched to bomb Dutch Harbor in weather so poor that only the best pilots on the two ships were permitted to fly.

Reconnaissance aircraft are launched at 1154 hours local and the first strike, consisting of Eleven Aichi D3A Navy Type 99 Carrier Bombers, Allied Code Name "Val;" ten Mitsubishi A6M Navy Type 0 Carrier Fighters, Allied Code Name "Zeke;" and eight Nakajima B5N Navy Type 97 Carrier Attack Bombers, Allied Code Name "Kate," is launched in the late afternoon. The incoming aircraft are picked up on a radar station on Unalaska Island at 1740 hours local. The 21 Japanese aircraft strike Dutch Harbor beginning at 1800 hours and damage four new, steel oil tanks containing 22,000 barrels (3.5 million litres) of oil; hit the beached barracks ship SS North-western, and bomb a warehouse and a hangar. A second strike force of three horizontal bombers dropped their bombs at 1821 hours but all hit the harbour water and cause no damage. The third strike force attacks the naval magazine area on the south foot of Mount Ballyhoo at 1825 hours hitting 20mm antiaircraft sites and killing four sailors.

After the attack, the Eight "Vals" and "Zekes" from the carrier HIJMS Junyo, unaware of the USAAF's new fighter base at Otter Point on Umnak Island, rally at the west end of Umnak and are met by eight US Army Air Forces (USAAF) Curtiss P-40s from the Otter Point airfield at Fort Glenn on Umnak Island which shoot down two "Vals" and two "Zekes". US Army and Navy casualties during the two days are 43 killed and approximately 50 wounded.

One other plane from HIJMS Junyo fails to return, but all the aircraft from HIJMS Ryujo return to ship.

A Navy Consolidated PBY-5A Catalina of the USN's Patrol Squadron Forty Two (VP-42), sights the Japanese ships by radar and circles them for an hour radioing their position. The ships are attacked by PBYs and USAAF B-17s and B-26s but they score only near misses.

UNITED KINGDOM: Late tonight General Eisenhower decides the invasion of Normandy is to go on June 6.

USS Susan B. Anthony, a attack transport, stands out to sea from Bristol. On board are elements of the 90th Infantry Division, VII Corps floating reserve for Utah Beach, and personnel of the 321st Glider Field Artillery Battalion, 101st Airborne Division. (Jay Stone)

The USAAF's Eighth Air Force in England flies three mission to France. 

In the first mission (Mission 389), the effort is to be divided between the Pas de Calais (COVER) area and the Normandy assault (NEPTUNE) area, however, D-Day is postponed 24 hours and the NEPTUNE force is cancelled. 183 of 201 B-17 Flying Fortresses and 51 of 56 B-24s attack seven targets in the Pas de Calais area; escorting are 130 P-47 Thunderbolts and 42 P-51 Mustangs; two P-51s are lost.

In the second mission (Mission 390) 222 of 246 B-17s and 53 of 68 B-24s bomb eight coastal defence positions in the same area using PFF. 

The third mission consists of 263 B-17s and 185 B-24s hitting airfields, railway junctions and bridges; of the B-17s, 96 hit the Massey/Palaiseau railroad bridge, 50 hit the Versailles/Metelots railroad bridge and 34 hit the Villeneuve/St George railroad bridge; of the B-24s, 23 hit Brourges Airfield, 72 hit the Romorantin/Prunieres Airfield, 56 hit the Avord Airfield, 55 hit the Bretigny Airfield and eight hit the Melun bridges. Escort is 135 P-47s and 277 P-51s; they claim 1-0-0 Luftwaffe aircraft; one P-51 is lost.

Two B-17s fly weather reconnaissance over the UK and the Atlantic.

The USAAF's Ninth Air Force in England dispatches 300+ B-26s and A-20 Havocs to bomb highway bridge and coastal batteries in France; almost 200 P-47s and P-51s dive-bomb bridges, railroad junction, rolling stock and targets of opportunity.

HMCS Orangeville departs Londonderry escorting convoy ONS.229

ENGLISH CHANNEL: Overlord convoys at sea turn back because of bad weather which is expected for tomorrow. The bad weather puts the Germans off guard. 

FRANCE: Rommel leaves for Germany to see Hitler and celebrate his wife's birthday.

D-Day Countdown The German Perspective Sunday, 4 June, 1944

It is the early morning hours. A fierce storm that came up the day before continues to rage across the channel. The invasion fleet, fighting its way through the howling winds and rough seas,  struggles to make headway. If the invasion is to begin on schedule, they will have to make their way through crashing waves for another whole day before H-Hour comes on the morning of June 5th.

Eisenhower meets around 4:30 A.M. (DBST) with his staff.  He is told that the weather is still too rough for a landing; the invasion must be postponed until conditions improve. At 5:15, Eisenhower, hoping that the weather might break, postpones the landings for 24 hours.

All Allied radar jamming operations are called off, so that those stations in the German naval radar network that are still up do not set off any alarms. At once the codeword `Ripcord 24' is sent to the Allied fleet approaching the French coast in the heavy seas.

Most of the thousand ships immediately begin to turn back. Inevitably, as things often happen, some units  do not receive the recall, and the Allies play hell getting them all to turn back. A force of minesweepers is only 35 miles from the beaches when they finally get the word. Another contingent of some 125 vessels, part of Force U (for Utah Beach) are a scant 26 miles from the Calvados coast before they are persuaded to turn around. At least one German radar station tracks them, but the crew relaxes their vigil when the massive blip turns back towards England. No alarm is given. The Allies are lucky.

----------------

At La Roche-Guyon, dawn is gray and misty. The town is still wet in the aftermath of the brutal storm that has also hit the Channel. Torrents of rain and heavy winds had ravaged the dry land. The worst of the storm for now has abated inland, and in the fog, the chateau stands like something out of a Poe story.

Field Marshal Rommel, bolstered in his mind by the bad weather, and reassure by the Luftwaffe official weather reports calling for more continued rain and winds, today makes what is considered one of the unluckiest decisions in his career.

He decides to go home. To get a quick rest before the main event begins, which looks like it is  coming up.

After he eats an early breakfast and gives some last minute instructions to his chief of staff, he leaves for Germany. With him are his aide, Lang, and the Operations Officer, (now) -Oberst- von Tempelhof. Outside of their baggage and some papers, Rommel takes Lucie's new shoes, and Lang takes a thermos of consumme and some small sandwiches. They leave at 0700 in two cars, one of course for Rommel, driven by Corporal Daniel, and the second* for von Tempelhoff, since his is in the shop at this time.

The trip is, for the most part, uneventful, except for a flat tire in Luneville. Rommel makes it home that night, tired and depressed. His wife and fifteen-year old son, Manfred try to cheer him up, including making his favorite Swabian dish, -Spaetzle mit Kalbsbraten-** They retire early.

----------

The empty morning seems to drag on at La Roche-Guyon. The weather continues to be bad for the rest of the day. And with the field marshal gone, it is like a holiday routine. A couple of incoming calls deal with whether or not inland shipping should operate in the bad weather.   Speidel dispatches a message to OKW, reporting that -Heeresgruppe B might stand down its two armies during the bad weather, so that they might get some rest after the low-grade alert they had been on for a while now. He also added that enemy air activities still indicated the Straits of Dover as the likeliest landing area.

-------

Field Marshal von Rundstedt begins writing his weekly estimate to OKW that afternoon, but he quickly grows tired of it. Jotting most of the points down, he sets it aside. He and Blumentritt would finish it on Monday, the 5th.

-----------

Adolf Hitler is still enjoying the beautiful scenery of Obersaltzberg, with his headquarters staff situated at various locations around the town. In one of today's meetings, he and Albert Speer discuss turning over aircraft armament production to Speer's own War Ministry. Göring would be furious. Too bad. He isn't exactly the Fuehrer's favorite son these days.

----------

Admiral Krancke at Naval Group West is finishing up his latest situation report. His available forces looked pathetic. Less than half a dozen fleet torpedo boats, some minesweeper flotillas, several score auxiliary craft, and his biggest punch, five squadrons of 100-ton E-boats.

On the positive side, the enemy bombings have not damaged his forces as badly as he had feared. His radar stations for instance, have not all been knocked out. Not by a long shot. And only eight naval guns have been put out of action --- some five in the -Kanalkueste-, and three in the Normandy area. He was sure that an invasion would not come until a widespread, aggressive bombing campaign was carried out against the coastal batteries. And that was just not happening.

The report's summary accurately reflects Krancke's views. If the invasion comes, it would probably be at the Pas de Calais - that's IF it comes. He is seriously beginning to doubt that the invasion will take place at all=E2=80=A6 Well, at least not this year. The furor across the English Channel is starting to look like a gigantic, elaborate ruse, just to keep them armed along the French coast, and their divisions away from the other fronts where they would do some good. And the enemy might very well keep up this facade for many months yet,  preparing all the while, while these sixty divisions just sat along the coast, and the Germans mean- while continued to lose on all the other fronts.

Eventually, they would get so weakened in the West from transfers to the other, threatened fronts, that an invasion here would be sure to succeed. 

Yes, he could feel himself starting to relax. The enemy did not look like he was going to come soon. He glanced again at the meteorological  eport. And especially not in bad weather.

Krancke issues one last set of orders before he departs for Bordeaux (to wind up some mining operations in the Bay of Biscay). Because the weather i scheduled to be bad for the next few days he i suspending minelaying operations. After hesitating, he decidesto add naval patrols to the order. After all, there will be nothing out there to see, and why risk losing an E-boat? He had damned few left as it is.

------------

9:30 P.M., (DBST). Eisenhower, dressed as always in his olive green battle dress uniform, walks into the library of Southwick Manor. He and his staff must decide whether to give the word to start Operation Neptune, or to delay the invasion again, this time to at least mid- late June, or maybe even mid-July.

Chief meteorologist Staggs starts off by reporting that if the invasion had taken place on the 5th, it would have been a total catastrophe. He then delivers the good news that electrifies the tension in the room; an upcoming 3-day period of barely tolerable conditions is still scheduled to arrive early in the morning, and at the moment appears to be on track. The rain would subside, and the 25-30 knot winds would abate some. Clouds would be heavy, but not continuous. And by Tuesday morning, visibility should be good enough to allow naval fire support to spot their targets.

Eisenhower is faced with a tremendous decision. Another postponement now could easily spell disaster. The next tolerable tidal period would start on June 19th; but it would be moonless. To wait until July would add enormous security risks in keeping the time and place of the invasion secret, not to mention giving the enemy more precious time to prepare.

On the other hand, there is no promise that this short break in the weather would last. To make matters worse, postponing the invasion by 24 hours has meant that, should he give the word to go on the 6th, low tide would occur about an hour later, coming now at 5:15. The U.S. landings would therefore be at least an hour later, coming between 06:15 and 06:45 DBST.

An intercepted `Ultra' message gives the Allies the latest Luftwaffe weather report, which calls for more bad weather, This confirms the fact that the Germans will not be looking for an invasion at this time.

Admiral Ramsay breaks into the debate with a time concern. If they are going to go on the 6th, some units will have to be notified within the next half hour. It is because of refueling considerations, Ramsay explains. If these forces sail any later, and are recalled, they would not be able to return and be refueled for a possible landing on Wednes- day, the 7th. 

Eisenhower turns to each of his commanders one by one, and gets their opinions. They discuss it some more. 

The room finally falls still as Eisenhower, sitting with his hands clasped, stares down at the green baize table. The silence stretches as the men look at him, waiting for his historic decision.

At 9:45 P.M., he makes it. Still staring at the table, he slowly says, "I am quite positive we must give the order... I don't like it - but there it is." Looking up to the men, he concludes, "I don't see how we can possibly do anything else."

Despite weather predictions for only minimal conditions and only for a small 2-day time period, he has reluc- tantly given the word that they will go on the morning of the 6th. They will have a final commanders meeting at 0400. That will be the last chance they have to break off the operation.

* Driven by an army sergeant.

** Veal stew with noodles.

*** Many sources have indicated that the Allies  (specifically, the Americans) hit the beaches exactly at low tide. This is not the case. The first waves of Americans came ashore at or near 06:30, DBST. According to data taken from the English Channel Handbook prepared by the British Admiralty and included with U.S. all Navy operational orders, low tide for June 6th at St.-Vaast-la-Hougue (north of Utah Beach) was to be at 0504 hours and again at 1728 hours (GMT, which was on BDST). High tide was to occur at 1004 and 2240 hours. At Port-en-Bessin (east of Omaha Beach), these figures respectively were 0521 hours and 1745 hours for low tide, and 1036 and 2257 hours for high tide. Thus, extra- polating, low tide on Utah Beach would be about 0512, and about 05:18 for Omaha Beach. Low tide at the British beaches would occur around 05:26.

Pete Margaritis

PACIFIC OCEAN:

CINCPAC PRESS RELEASE NO. 432, Shimushu and Paramushiru Islands in the Kuriles were bombed by Ventura search planes of Fleet Air Wing Four before dawn on June 2 (West Longitude Date). Two large fires were started on Shimushu. Antiaircraft fire was moderate. Matsuwa Island was bombed by Liberators of the Eleventh Army Air Force before dawn on June 2. No opposition was encountered. All of our planes returned.

Truk Atoll was bombed by Seventh Army Air Force Liberators before dawn on June 3. Forty-one tons of bombs were dropped on storage areas and on runways. Several fires and explosions were observed. Antiaircraft fire was meagre. Two enemy fighters attempted to attack our force but did no damage.

Nauru Island was bombed by Seventh Army Air Force Mitchell bombers and search Venturas of Fleet Air Wing Two on June 2.

Antiaircraft batteries were hit and fires Started. Antiaircraft fire was moderate.

Ponape Island was bombed by Seventh Army Air Force Mitchells on June 1. An airfield, hangars, and adjacent buildings were hit. No antiaircraft fire was encountered.

Remaining enemy objectives in the Marshalls were attacked by Ventura search planes of Fleet Air Wing Two, Dauntless dive bombers and Corsair fighters of the Fourth Marine Aircraft Wing, and Navy Hellcat fighters on May 31 and on June 1 and 2. In these raids antiaircraft batteries, coastal defence guns, runways and barracks were strafed and bombed. Antiaircraft fire was generally meagre. (Denis Peck)

ATLANTIC OCEAN: U-505 is captured. (Todd Ristau)

The men of the boarding party went below seizing all papers and books and closing valves and stopping leaks. By this time, a larger boarding party arrived from Guadalcanal and after securing a tow line and rescuing the Germans from the water, the Guadalcanal took U-505 in tow. For their action, the crews of the six ships were awarded a Presidential Unit Citation. Not only Enigma codes,  but also the Zaunkonig acoustic torpedoes were recovered. The original plan was to tow the U-boat to Dakar, but this is thought to be full of spies and so she will be taken to Bermuda instead. [U-505 is currently on display at the Museum of Science and Industry in Chicago, Illinois, USA.]

Extract from Jim Verdolini's diary:

June 4, 1944.

U.S.S. Guadalcanal CVE60

1110 hours

I was in CIC( combat information center), when suddenly the DE Chatelain, came over the squawk box, " Bluejay ,(that was us), this is Frenchy(Chatelain).

They had a possible sound contact. That means close by. We went to GQ, but the hatch was open, and we could see out to starboard. We tried to get out of the area. As Capt. Gallery said, " A carrier in the middle of a sound contact, is like an old lady in the middle of a bar room brawl." We could see the Chatelain, with the Pillsbury and Jenks. The Chatelain started dropping hedgehogs. Suddenly we saw our planes start to strafe the area where the hedgehogs were dropped. The sub started to surface, at 1121.

Our destroyers cut loose with machine guns, 20 mm and 40 mm. Capt Gallery yelled over the squawk box to the destroyers, " Capture that bastard, if possible." The crew of the U boat were jumping over the side, and only the conning tower and bow of sub was visible. Our boarding party was already on the way. A Lt.Jg. David, from the Pillsbury was on the deck of the sub. We later found out, that one dead German sailor was lying on the deck. His name was Hans Fisher, an original crewmember of the sub. Lt David, and two other men jumped down into the hatch of the submarine. What guts! One man heard water pouring in , and found a huge stream coming out of a valve. He found the cover, and put it back. We had captured a German U boat. Cdr. Troisano and Lt. David sent the rest of the boarding party topside while they looked for the scuttle charges, and tried to stop the engines. The submarine was circling. They did. 

One of our destroyers finally took it in tow, but the diving planes on the sub gashed her hull, so Guadalcanal took her in tow. Boy, were we proud to see Capt. Gallery on the conning tower, with the Stars and Stripes, flying over the swastika.